Propolis: Benefits, Uses, Side Effects

Propolis is a natural substance produced by bees that has been used for centuries for its health benefits.

Bees collect resin-like material from tree buds, sap flows, and other botanical sources. Propolis has been found to have numerous therapeutic properties, making it a popular natural remedy for a variety of health conditions.

From boosting immunity to treating skin irritations, propolis has been used for its medicinal properties worldwide.

In this article, we will discuss the uses, side effects, and precautions of propolis, as well as its potential interactions and dosing guidelines.

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What is Propolis?

Propolis is a natural substance produced by honeybees from various botanical sources, including tree buds, sap flows, and other plant exudates.

Bees collect and use a sticky and resinous substance to seal and protect their hives from external threats such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses.

Propolis is composed of various biologically active compounds, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, terpenes, and essential oils, which contribute to its medicinal properties.

For a health audience, propolis can be seen as a natural remedy with a wide range of potential health benefits due to its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects.

It has been used for centuries in traditional medicine for various health conditions, including respiratory infections, wound healing, and oral health.

Propolis is commonly available in different forms, including capsules, tablets, liquid extracts, creams, and ointments, making it easy to incorporate into a daily health regimen.

Is propolis a honey?

Propolis is not honey, although it is produced by honeybees. Honey is a sweet liquid made by bees from the nectar of flowers, whereas propolis is a sticky and resinous substance produced by bees from various botanical sources, including tree buds, sap flows, and other plant exudates. While honey is used by bees as a food source, propolis is used by bees to seal and protect their hives from external threats such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses. While honey and propolis are both produced by bees, they have different properties and uses.

How propolis is made and harvested

Propolis is a natural resinous substance produced by bees. The bees collect resins from the buds and bark of various trees and mix it with their own secretions and beeswax to create propolis. Here is a brief overview of the process of how propolis is made:

1. Bees collect resin: Bees collect sticky resins from various trees and plants, such as conifers, poplars, and birches.
2. Bees mix the resin with their own secretions: Once the bees have collected the resin, they mix it with their own saliva, enzymes, and beeswax to create a sticky substance called propolis.
3. Bees use propolis to protect their hive: Bees use propolis to seal gaps and cracks in their hive, as well as to sterilize the hive and protect it from pathogens, such as bacteria and fungi.
4. Beekeepers collect propolis: Beekeepers can collect propolis by scraping it off of the hive frames or using special propolis traps that encourage the bees to produce more propolis.
5. Propolis is processed for use: Once collected, the propolis is cleaned and processed into various forms, such as tinctures, capsules, and creams, for use as a natural health supplement.

Propolis Benefits, Uses & Effectiveness

Propolis has been used for a variety of health conditions due to its therapeutic properties. It has been found to have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. Here are some of the uses and effectiveness of propolis:

1. Immune system booster: Propolis has been found to stimulate the immune system, making it effective in fighting infections and preventing illnesses (ref).
2. Oral health: Propolis has been used to promote oral health due to its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. It has been found to be effective in treating dental caries, gum diseases, and other oral infections.
3. Skin health: Propolis has been used to treat various skin conditions, including acne, eczema, and psoriasis. It has been found to have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, making it effective in treating skin infections and reducing inflammation.
4. Wound healing: Propolis has been found to have wound-healing properties, making it effective in treating burns, cuts, and other skin injuries.
5. Gastrointestinal health: Propolis has been used to treat gastrointestinal issues, including ulcers and diarrhoea. It has been found to have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, making it effective in treating bacterial infections that cause gastrointestinal problems.
6. Respiratory health: Propolis has been used to treat respiratory infections, including colds and flu. It has been found to have antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects, making it effective in treating respiratory infections.

Side Effects of Propolis

While propolis is generally considered safe, there are potential side effects that individuals should be aware of. Some of the common side effects of propolis include:

1. Allergic reactions: Propolis can cause allergic reactions in some individuals, especially those with a history of allergies to bee products or pollen. Symptoms of an allergic reaction may include itching, swelling, difficulty breathing, and anaphylaxis.
2. Skin irritation: Propolis can cause skin irritation, especially when applied topically. It may cause redness, itching, and a burning sensation on the skin.
3. Mouth irritation: Propolis can cause mouth irritation when used in oral health products, such as toothpaste and mouthwash. It may cause a burning sensation in the mouth and tongue.
4. Gastrointestinal upset: Some individuals may experience gastrointestinal upset, including nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, when taking propolis orally.
5. Blood thinning: Propolis may have blood-thinning effects, which can increase the risk of bleeding in individuals taking blood-thinning medications.
6. Hormonal effects: Propolis may have hormonal effects, which can be harmful to individuals with hormone-sensitive conditions, such as breast cancer.

Who should not take propolis?

Propolis is generally safe for most individuals when used as directed. However, there are certain precautions and warnings that individuals should be aware of before using propolis:

1. Allergies: Individuals with a history of allergies to bee products or pollen may be more likely to have an allergic reaction to propolis. It is important to perform a patch test before using propolis topically and to seek medical advice if any allergic reactions occur.
2. Pregnancy and breast-feeding: There is insufficient evidence on the safety of propolis during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Therefore, pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult with their healthcare provider before using propolis.
3. Children: Propolis may not be safe for children, as it may cause allergic reactions or other side effects. It is important to consult with a healthcare provider before giving propolis to children.
4. Surgery: Propolis may have blood-thinning effects, which can increase the risk of bleeding during or after surgery. Therefore, individuals should stop using propolis at least two weeks before surgery.
5. Medications: Propolis may interact with certain medications, including blood-thinning medications, chemotherapy drugs, and antibiotics. It is important to consult with a healthcare provider before using propolis if taking any medications.
6. Other medical conditions: Individuals with certain medical conditions, such as asthma, atopic dermatitis, and autoimmune diseases, may be more likely to have an allergic reaction to propolis. Therefore, it is important to consult with a healthcare provider before using propolis if having any of these conditions.

Dosing: How Much Propolis to take

The optimal dosage of propolis may vary depending on the individual, the intended use, and the form of propolis used. Here are some general dosing guidelines for propolis:

1. Oral use: For general immune support and oral health, 500-1000mg of propolis daily is commonly recommended. This can be taken in the form of capsules, tablets, or liquid extracts.
2. Topical use: For skin health, propolis can be applied topically in the form of creams, ointments, or gels. A thin layer can be applied to the affected area 1-3 times daily as needed.
3. Mouthwash: Propolis mouthwash can be used for oral health by diluting 5-10 drops of propolis tincture in a glass of water and swishing it around the mouth for 30 seconds to 1 minute. This can be done once or twice daily.

Is it good to take propolis daily?

Taking propolis daily may benefit some individuals, particularly those looking to boost their immune system or support their oral or skin health. However, it is important to consult with a healthcare provider before taking propolis daily, especially if having specific medical conditions or taking certain medications.

Is propolis good for your immune system?

Yes, propolis is believed to have immune-boosting properties and is commonly used to support the immune system. Propolis contains various bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, and terpenes, which have antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. These compounds help protect bees from pathogens, and some studies suggest that they may have similar effects in humans.

Propolis has been shown to stimulate the production of immune cells, such as T cells and macrophages, and to enhance the activity of natural killer cells, which are important in fighting infections and cancer. Additionally, propolis has been found to have antioxidant properties, which may also support immune function by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation.

Is propolis an anti-inflammatory?

Yes, propolis has anti-inflammatory properties and is commonly used to reduce inflammation. Propolis contains various bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, and terpenes, which have been found to inhibit the production of inflammatory molecules, such as prostaglandins, cytokines, and leukotrienes.

Research has shown that propolis may be effective in reducing inflammation in various parts of the body, including the skin, respiratory system, and digestive system. For example, the topical application of propolis has been found to reduce inflammation and promote wound healing in animal studies. Propolis may also help reduce inflammation in the lungs and airways in people with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Does propolis work as an antibiotic?

Propolis has been found to have antimicrobial properties and may work as an antibiotic, particularly against certain types of bacteria. Propolis contains various bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, and terpenes, which have been found to have antimicrobial effects against a wide range of bacteria, viruses, and fungi.

Several studies have shown that propolis may be effective in inhibiting the growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE). Propolis has also been found to have antiviral properties, particularly against herpes simplex virus (HSV) and influenza virus.

While propolis may be a potential alternative to antibiotics, more research is needed to fully understand its antimicrobial effects and its potential uses in preventing or treating infections. Additionally, it’s important to note that propolis supplements may interact with other medications and may not be appropriate for everyone. It’s important to talk to a healthcare provider before taking propolis supplements, especially if you have a medical condition or are taking other medications.

References

1. Santos VR, Gomes RT, Santos LD, et al. Antimicrobial activity of Brazilian propolis and fractions against oral anaerobic bacteria. J Ethnopharmacol. 2012;143(1):151-157. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2012.05.004
2. Natarajan V, Venugopal PV, Menon T. Antioxidant activity of isolated compounds from Indian propolis. Food Chem. 2007;101(4):1432-1437. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.03.039
3. Wang K, Ping S, Huang S, et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol extracts of Chinese propolis and buds from poplar (Populus × canadensis). J Ethnopharmacol. 2014;155(1):300-311. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2014.06.012
4. Maruyama H, Sumitou Y, Sakamoto T, Araki Y, Hara H. Antiviral activity of propolis and its chemical compounds. J Tokyo Dent Coll. 2003;44(3):149-156. doi:10.2209/tdcpublication.44.149
5. Paulino N, Teixeira C, Martins R, et al. Evaluation of the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of a Brazilian green propolis. Planta Med. 2006;72(10):899-906. doi:10.1055/s-2006-946679
6. Sforcin JM, Bankova V. Propolis: Is there a potential for the development of new drugs? J Ethnopharmacol. 2011;133(2):253-260. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2010.10.032

FAQs about Bee Propolis